Africa Cokes Last Frontier

Africa Cokes Last Frontier Article Summary This article gives a diagram of Coke’s nearness in Africa. The creator starts by giving a contextual analysis of a businessperson in Kenya who sells Coke items in her retail location. For the situation study, a gauge uncovers that for each capita utilization of Coke items is 39 servings in one year.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Africa: Cokes Last Frontier explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Stanford contrasts this utilization and Mexico, probably the greatest shopper of Coke, and notices that it devours 665 servings of Coke in a similar length (Stanford, para. 1). The creator studies different markets far and wide, for example, South Africa, China, India, Zambia, United States and so on, and mentions intriguing objective facts. He reasons that Africa appears to have a great deal of potential as a promoting region for Coke. The CEO of Coke, Muhtar Kent, affirms that Coke is by all accounts conceivably at risk for losing its piece of the pie. In 1989, Americans purchased $2.6billion worth of Coke, yet throughout the following two decades, this figure rose uniquely by $0.3billion. This is by all accounts the case for most created nations, making mainlands like Africa a potential â€Å"savior† for this multi-million dollar organization. Suggestions for Professionals Involved in Coke’s Strategic Management The vital supervisory group must think about the above measurement in making their vital arrangement throughout the following decade. As it appears, created nations like the USA don't guarantee a more promising time to come for the organization. By the by, the volume of cash changing hands in creating nations like Kenya and South Africa infers that Coke has a superior possibility of scoring in underdeveloped nations. This implies the organization should make more interests in these nations as they can possibly create the truly necessary 7-9% development speculators anticipate from Coke Corporation. This implies the administration needs to support its circulation group with the goal that more supplies and more item assortments arrive at such shops, as those examined for the situation study. A portion of the techniques that the administrative group needs to actualize in these nations incorporate creation the items progressively reasonable for the market, however one needs to consider the spending that will make this to work out. The other technique that Coca-Cola can utilize is ensuring that conveyance channels are viable. Along these lines, the organization can eliminate transportation and appropriation costs in this manner bringing down activity costs and consequently item costs. The product’s bundling ought to likewise be sufficiently able to retain a portion of the unforgiving conditions in these war-torn nations. At the end of the day, the support expenses of the items ought to be negligible. At long last, Coca-Cola ought to think about financial matters of scale, and sell the item more in mass numbers as opposed to on a retail premise in these creating countries.Advertising Looking for article on business financial matters? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The experts in the administrative group may likewise need to look further into methods of battling their rivals all around the created world. For instance, China’s Coca-Cola Company is confronting solid rivalry from Wahaha, a refreshment organization claimed by the most extravagant man in China (Stanford, para. 5). This implies their advertising group needs to concoct procedures of attracting more clients to their side. In nations like India, where Pepsi is the fundamental contender, the organization needs to receive more up to date approaches to build deals and improve overall revenues (Stanford, para. 7). Determination There is as yet a splendid future for Coca-Cola, however there should be astuteness in taking car e of a portion of the administrative choices in the official group. Rivalry against Coca-Cola is serious, and it will take more forceful showcasing strategies to prevail upon more clients. Work Cited Stanford, Duane. Africa: Cokes Last Frontier. Bloomberg Businessweek. October 2010. Web.

Strategic Entrepreneurship Centrol LTD Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Key Entrepreneurship Centrol LTD - Essay Example The business extended inside a year and they were on their street to progress with their first enormous agreement of waste administration from the Beecham, a pharmaceutical organization and Marks and Spenser. Over the most recent forty years, the organization has differentiated into different territories of ecological worry that are the need of great importance. The organization is prestigious for its true duty towards condition protection endeavors and its commitment towards condition safeguarding is estimable. The company’s esteem framework is imbued in its drawn out strategic vision and can be handily seen in the entirety of its exercises which are intended to advance mindfulness towards preservation of our common assets. The pioneering systems of the organization, has been created as the years progressed, which are basic to its prosperity. They followed the multi pronged methodology which turned into the establishment of their prosperity. Paper and cardboard waste removal is a far reaching issue and Heaps had the premonition to see a gigantic open door in dealing with the paper squander removal, He was in this manner ready to step by step develop his business by not just expanding the armada of the waste removal bearers yet put forth attempts to utilize the innovation productively to update the transporters to suit the requests of the changing occasions that decreased time period, cost and simultaneously helped the earth moreover. The company’s utilization of the assets was the feature which advanced its fruitful enhancement into zones that assisted with diminishing the general expense of the waste administration, drawing in more customers from the household and outside market. The administration procured different organizations so as to give all out answer for the all sort of waste removal needs of their customers. Along these lines new reusing plant was begun that had the option to effectively reuse paper, metal, wood, plastic and so forth and the

Essay Topics For Animal Farm

Essay Topics For Animal FarmTo write essays on topics for Animal Farm, you should follow three simple steps. The first step is to come up with a topic that makes sense and meets the standards of the animals in the story. There are two main themes of Animal Farm; rebellion and punishment.The first theme is rebellion. There are four major characters in the story; Cressida, Miss Murdstone, Big Brother Animals, and Tom Bombadil. The first one is Big Brother, who instigates rebellion through physical violence and threats. Miss Murdstone is the rebel who refuses to conform and remain silent. Her rebellion becomes her downfall.Many people's approach to essay topics for Animal Farm is to focus on what they will learn from it. That is fine; however, it is important to realize that you can learn many things about the story from it. By writing an essay on this theme, you can learn how the animals have dealt with their conditions and find other lessons that may relate to your life.In particular, you may want to focus on the characteristics of the oppression that the barnyard animals have experienced. The first thing that comes to mind when you think about these characteristics is the notion of whether the author might be one of those animals or not.One thing that some critics say about George Orwell is that he did not do very well in his school exams. This is perhaps true, although Orwell did not practice what he preached when it came to essay topics for Animal Farm. As a writer, he made the most of what he had and did not fear sacrificing character in order to develop a theme. If you look at the books that George Orwell was doing before the publication of Animal Farm, you will see that he is not afraid to sacrifice plot development.He set his book in a time when Communists had taken over a country and were in the process of retaking it, which resulted in the starting of the plot line for Animal Farm. Since then, his books have been listed as classics by many people, and m any reviewers of his work have listed it as a key source. If you want to know the basic premise of the book, then you have to know that George Orwell created a society in which the cruel and inhumane methods of Communism have become mainstream.This will be the basis for your essay on Animal Farm. You must decide whether you will focus on character or the negative aspects of those characters. In other words, if you write an essay on the reason why the animals are unhappy in the farm, then you may have to begin by talking about how the Animal Farm characters are unhappy with their surroundings and circumstances. Either way, it is important to think about the basic theme and work from there.A good way to start looking at the basics of writing essay topics for Animal Farm is to look at some of the main characters and remember how they treated each other in the book. Also, look at the focus and quality of each character's dialogue. As you read this essay, remember that your thoughts on t hese topics may only lead you to more questions.

Tiempo Permitido Fuera Estados Unidos para Residentes

El tiempo que un residente permanente puede pasar fuera de los Estados Unidos sin afectar su estatus depende de varias circunstancias. Quienes cuentan con una green card deben residir en territorio de los Estados Unidos, de lo contrario se puede encontrar o bien con un rechazo de su solicitud de naturalizacià ³n, o bien con problemas para reingresar al paà ­s. Estos problemas afectan a quienes cuentan con una residencia en tarjeta de plà ¡stico, a quienes la tienen estampada en su pasaporte, a quienes tienen residencia condicional o quienes residen con visa de inversià ³n. Estos son algunos de los casos que hay que considerar: Si el residente pasa fuera de Estados Unidos menos de seis meses no deberà ­an existir problemas en los puntos de reingreso (frontera terrestre, inmigracià ³n en el aeropuerto o puerto marà ­timo) a menos que el oficial de inmigracià ³n tenga razones e informacià ³n  para creer que la persona no reside, de hecho, en el paà ­s. Un ejemplo es quien està ¡ por fuera cinco meses, regresa un dà ­a y vuelve a salir.Si el residente pasa mà ¡s de seis meses fuera de Estados Unidos pero menos de un aà ±o, puede pedir su readmisià ³n si cuenta con los documentos que demuestren que no pretendà ­a abandonar su estatus de residente: familia en Estados Unidos, impuestos al dà ­a, empleo o negocio, propiedades inmobiliarias en el paà ­s, cuentas bancarias, licencia de conduccià ³n valida, documentos que prueben las razones de su demora en regresar al paà ­s o un certificado de estudios en marcha.Si el residente pasa por fuera de Estados Unidos mà ¡s de un aà ±o pero menos de dos , debe pedir un permiso especial para reingresar antes de salir del paà ­s. El permiso es valido por dos aà ±os. En este caso el permiso se debe solicitar: cuando hay certeza de una estadà ­a fuera de Estados Unidos de hasta dos aà ±os, cuando hay advertencias escritas en el pasaporte por un oficial de inmigracià ³n respecto al estatus migratorio, o cuando el residente ha pasado por fuera de Estados Unidos seis meses en un aà ±o y planea estar fuera otros seis meses al aà ±o siguiente.Si el residente ha estado por fuera mà ¡s de un aà ±o y no tiene permiso para reingresar, debe comenzar desde ceros el proceso para obtener un nuevo permiso de residencia, ya que el que tiene no es valido. Esto quiere decir que se pierden las condiciones de residente permanente. En este caso se podrà ­a solicitar una visa SB-1en el consulado o embajada correspondiente antes del reingreso, pero las condiciones que se exigen para solicitar dicha visa son muy especà ­ficas y estrictas (varios d ocumentos, affidavits que respalden la versià ³n de los hechos, exà ¡menes mà ©dicos, impuestos al dà ­a, cuentas bancarias, familia en Estados Unidos).  ¿Cuà ¡les Son Mis Opciones Si He Estado por Fuera Mucho Tiempo? Ante un residente con un estatus migratorio conflictivo el agente de aduana puede proponer varias posibilidades: Que el residente retire voluntariamente su intento de admisià ³n al paà ­s y regrese a su paà ­s de origen; esto no es una deportacià ³n ni expulsià ³n, sino un acto que el residente cumple ejerciendo plena libertad de eleccià ³n.Que el residente firme un documento en el que renuncie a su residencia. En este caso la persona no debe firmar ningà ºn papel que reconozca se ha abandonado el estatus de residente a menos que lo quiera hacer voluntariamente. Al negarse, el residente serà ¡ enviado a la corte y allà ­ podrà ¡ explicar su caso delante de un juez. Que el residente obtenga un permiso (waiver) y pueda entrar con estatus de residente al paà ­s. Que el residente pueda reingresar con un notice to appear (aviso para comparecer). Aquà ­ deberà ¡ presentarse en la corte de inmigracià ³n para un potencial proceso de deportacià ³n a menos que se pruebe con contundencia las razones de la ausencia. Excepciones Los siguientes residentes tienen mà ¡s libertad en sus viajes por fuera de Estados Unidos: Residentes permanentes legales cà ³nyuges de ciudadanos americanos quienes acompaà ±an a su familiar en otro paà ­s debido a un trabajo para el gobierno, o porque son miembros de una de las ramas del Ejà ©rcito de los Estados Unidos.Residentes permanentes legales hijos menores de 21 aà ±os de ciudadanos americanos que acompaà ±an a su familiar en otro paà ­s debido a un trabajo para el gobierno, o porque son miembros de una de las ramas del Ejà ©rcito de los Estados Unidos. En estos casos, dichos residentes deben reingresar al paà ­s junto con el ciudadano americano con el que està ¡n relacionados. Recuerde Si en la aduana se topa con problemas sepa que usted: No esta obligado a firmar ningà ºn documento.No puede perder su tarjeta de residencia. Ningà ºn oficial puede retenerla, solo un juez de inmigracià ³n tiene ese poder. Si pretende solicitar la ciudadanà ­a sepa que usted: Debe pasar al menos la mitad del tiempo requerido (cinco o tres aà ±os) dentro del territorio de Estados Unidos.No debe haber estado por fuera de Estados Unidos mà ¡s de un aà ±o seguido. Esto se considera como una ruptura de su obligacià ³n de residir en el paà ­s. Debe contar con los documentos que validen una estadà ­a por fuera de Estados Unidos de mà ¡s de seis meses y menos de un aà ±o. Por à ºltimo, este test de respuestas mà ºltiples  sobre cà ³mo obtener y conservar la tarjeta de residencia puede ser una guà ­a adicional. Este es un artà ­culo informativo, y no pretende ser asesorà ­a legal.

Suicide Persuasive Essay - 1098 Words

Lets just say there was a girl in a school. Of course there are bullies in every school, but this girl is getting bullied. Some girls make fun of her, and stop her from going to class. They say all these horrible things to her. Finally the girls said the last thing to her. All of the girls left, and started to cry. Over the week she couldn’t take it anymore so she killed herself, and didn’t come back to school. As a kid I want my family to stay safe and not get into any situations like these. Once someone gets bullied for a long time, people are getting hurt by these things. Also millions of people are killing themselves for different reasons. Taking the time to take out information of this topic, I wanted to get bold information about†¦show more content†¦Suicide is probably the most dangerous thing today, and people are just taking away other people’s lives or maybe just themselves. A lot of our people are saying things to stop people from committing s uicide. People are also concerned on why people are doing these things? Why people are being rude and making them commit suicide? But also of having them taking others people lives away. For instance (Example),†Though the consequences can be fatal, suicide is not a black or white issue. Suicidal people are often ambivalent. They are experiencing an inner debate between a part of them that wants to live (Their real self) and a part that wants to die (their anti-self).† (Lisa Firestone ph.D.) Some people think that suicide isn’t that important, and a real movie that actual girl that got bullied. After her getting bullied so much she tried to overdose herself. But that girl that bullied her didn’t know what she had done to her. That girl ignored what she had just created. Government and our society should be paying attention what is happening to reality. But they are, government are helping people in our lives that are trying to hurt themselves. They should se e what they have, and see in their future what could happen. That they could think what they are doing, is it right, or is it wrong? They should know what is best and should think about what they are doing. There areShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Essay On Suicide1622 Words   |  7 Pageshealth states, â€Å"Suicide is the 3rd leading cause of death for people from 15 to 24 years old. On a average, 1 person commits suicide every 16.2 minutes. That one suicide could affect other people.† Suicide takes its toll on people when it comes to certain things like depression, loneliness, or peer pressure(bullying). Suicide is one of the highest causes of death because so many think that is a way to get out of certain things or when they feel like they should just give up. Suicide could be preventedRead MorePersuasive Essay On Student Suicide880 Words   |  4 Pagescolleges and universities ignored student suicide to save their reputation, studies were conducted to show what causes sui cide ideations and attempts (Brandt, 35). These have led to the results of showing what can be linked to suicide, such as risky behaviors. Since the 1950s, the suicide rate among young adults have tripled, due to numerous factors. (Cerel, 46) After the influence of parents and other students, universities have begun to change how they handle suicide on campus. New studies were then createdRead MorePersuasive Essay On Teen Suicide1235 Words   |  5 Pagesvoice forever by committing suicide? When a student dies in an accident, schools can mourn the death as a random occurrence. However, when a student kills themselves, a school feels guilty as they mourn. While the teachers feel guilty because they failed to help someone. The students feel bad for not knowing the student. Those who are responsible in some way are conflicted inside by guilt. A school becomes torn up when suicide occurs. However, if schools want to end suicides, they must ask, why are theseRead MoreOutline for Persuasive Essay on Physician Assisted Suicide754 Words   |  4 PagesTitle: Physician Assisted Suicide Topic: Assisted Suicide Specific Purpose: To persuade my audience on the right to choose your path with P.A.S. Thesis Statement: Physician Assisted Suicide should be a matter of free will and not just law. Introduction Attention Material: â€Å"But it may also be within my power to take a life, this awesome responsibility must be faced with great humbleness and awareness of my own frailty. Above all, I must not play God†Read MoreAssisted Suicide Should Be Legalized: A Persuasive Essay2485 Words   |  10 PagesIntroduction According to the U.S. Supreme Court, assisted suicide is not a right, and it remains illegal in most states. Oregon, Washington and Montana do permit it, however, and even though their laws in the courts for many years, in the end the Supreme Court did not forbid the states from passing such laws altogether. Many states already allow patients to refuse treatment in these situations, to die without having to endure extraordinary lifesaving measures, and to withhold food and water fromRead MoreMarriage Equality2061 Words   |  9 Pagesstates such as Massachusetts, California, New York, and Oregon have made same sex marriage legal. In the fight for gay marriage political essay such as â€Å"Gay â€Å"Marriage†: Societal Suicide† by Charles Colson and â€Å"What’s Wrong with Gay Marriage?† by Kath Pollitt were inspired. In these essays both writers have different points of views, but they are also both very persuasive on what’s right and wrong with sa me sex marriage along with supporting points. Same sex marriage is one of the most controversialRead MoreMy Writing Of My New College Career1374 Words   |  6 Pagesfirst essay paper, of my new college career, I could feel my heart start racing as soon as I read the word persuasive. I felt the emotional weight land on my shoulders already and I hadn’t even started writing yet. Persuasive was a word I was not good at portraying. I have never been a good talker to get people to do what I want. I tend to be a follower in these situations. So how was I going to get somebody to agree or see my point of view in words? I started off trying to find an essay thatRead MorePersuasive Essay Topics1228 Words   |  5 Pages101 Persuasive Essay Topics By: Mr. Morton Whether you are a student in need of a persuasive essay topic, or a teacher looking to assign a persuasive essay, this list of 101 persuasive essay topics should be a great resource. I taxed my brain to create this huge list of persuasive essay topics relevant to todays society, but I believe I am happy with the results. I appreciate any and all comments or feedback. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24Read More The Persuasive Tone of The Flea Essay766 Words   |  4 PagesThe Persuasive Tone of The Flea      Ã‚  Ã‚   John Donne, a member of metaphysical school in the Seventeenth century, exhibited his brilliant talent in poetry. In The Flea, he showed the passion to his mistress via persuasive attitude. The tone might straightforwardly create playfulness or sinfulness; yet, the poem contains none of either. What impress readers most is situation and device. The situation between the speaker and the audience is persuasion, love or marriage. As to device, the notableRead MoreComparison Of Emma Watson And Tim Watsons Speech941 Words   |  4 PagesEmma Watson and Tim Collins Analysis and Comparison Essay English Language Assignment In this essay I will be comparing and analysing Emma Watsons ‘Gender Equality is your issue too’ speech, executed on the 20th of September, 2014. Watson had pre-prepared this speech, as it was performed for the HeForShe campaign at the UN Headquarters, in New York. Alongside Tim Collins’ speech to the 1st Battalion of the Royal Irish Regiment, in Iraq, 2003 – of which was an eve-of-battle rousting and of which

Consumer Decision Making Process Free Essays

A CONSUMER DECISION-MAKING PROCESS IN PURCHSING A CAR Research suggests that customers go through five stages in making decision on any purchase (The Engel, Blackwell and Miniard, 1990). The economic buyer theory published by South-Western college in 1997 () explained that all customers have full information, make comparison, are rational, they have limited resources to satisfy their limitless needs, and they want to maximise satisfaction (page). A person who intends to purchase a car, go through a five decision-making stages. We will write a custom essay sample on Consumer Decision Making Process or any similar topic only for you Order Now These include; Problem recognition Information search Evaluation of alternatives Purchase Post-purchase behaviours In dealing with these processes, it is important to note that there are factors influencing individual decision-making process. The factors could be categorized into three; Individual factors Motivation Perception Learning Personality, self-concept, lifestyle Values, beliefs and attitudes Social factors Culture Reference group Opinion leaders Family Social class Purchase situation Reasons for purchase Time Physical surrounding A consumer, influenced by the above factors goes through the first stage; Problem recognition: An individual realises that something is not as it should be. Perhaps, for example, an individual goes to work on a commercial bus or train late because of constant delays in travel time, decides he needs a car. Once the problem is realised it goes to the second stage. Information search: In this stage a consumer engages in both internal and external information search. The internal search involves gathering information in his mind about cars he prefers. External search on the other hand involves finding information from friends, reviewing in customers reports, (for example, accelerator pedal faults on some Toyota brands reported by BBC on 28 January 2010), consulting different websites, and visiting several dealerships. Information could be as well gathered from brochures, catalogs and news coverage. Evaluation of alternatives: The car industry is a competitive market and gives consumers options to choose, ranging from brands, product features, fuel efficiency, balance, space and price, for example a car may have a low price and good fuel efficiency, but slow acceleration. If the price is inexpensive and fuel efficient, the customer may select it over a car with better acceleration that cost more and use more fuel. Purchase: The above stage in the decision-making process determine what happens in this stage. This stage is when the consumer makes the purchase of the car. Post-purchase behaviours: This is where the consumer considers his decision for justification. The consumer then seeks new information to reinforce and judge whether he had the right price and quality for his money. The consumer could avoid contradictory information or deliberately seek contrary information to refute. He could even revoke the decision by returning the car. Firms and organisations invented strategies to overcome cognitive dissonance through sending post-purchase letters, cards, advertisement, guarantees, warrantees, instruction booklets and refund policies. (Festinger, L. 1957) In conclusion, the study of these consumer decision-making stages will help firms and organizations to improve their marketing strategies. REFERENCES Brassington and Pettitt, (2006), _Principles of marketing, 4th ed. _ FT Prentice Hall. Charles W. Lamb jr, Christo Boshoff et al. (1997), Consumer Decision-making process, South-western college publishing. Engel, J. F. , Blackwell, R. D. and Miniard, P. W. (1990), Consumer Behaviour, Dryden. Festinger, L. (1957), A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance, Stanford university press. Lars Perner (1999-2008), Consumer Behaviour, Publish by university of Southern California, Business school. How to cite Consumer Decision Making Process, Essays

Leader Ship and Management Essay Example Essay Example

Leader Ship and Management Essay Example Paper Leader Ship and Management Essay Introduction These brief stress audit case studies from PGA Group Consulting Psychologists show how the presence and the effects of stress at work were identified, addressed and relieved to the benefit of three organizations and their people. Several links to resources on this site, including an overview of the stress audit method and process are provided after the stress audit case studies below. Jump down to: Introduction | Company A | Company B | Company C | Lessons | Links IntroductionThe stress audit is an important stress management diagnostic process which combines organizational development survey methods with sophisticated stress tests and stress testing techniques. The stress audit’s purpose is primarily to identify stress symptoms and stress causes in the workplace, how individuals are coping with stress and managing stress at work, and how possibly to improve the work environment and /or the organization in such a way as to reduce stress levels and the negative effects of stres s, improve satisfaction and well-being, and improve organizational and individual performance.In short, as these stress audit case studies will show, the stress audit can show organizations and individuals how to deal with stress in the workplace. All the organizations discussed in these stress audit case studies were able to relieve stress at work by bringing stress under control through the use of a stress audit. The organizations brought about positive change in the workplace for the benefit of their people and for their own benefit. Stress Audit Case Study A This stress audit case study is about Company A, a 100-year-old UK manufacturing organization.The company employs 15,000 people and operates on 50 sites. It primarily supplies the agricultural machinery markets. The company set itself the objective of pulling itself out of a stagnant loss-making situation and to regain market dominance. It set out to accomplish this by completely redesigning its manufacturing techniques thro ugh lessons learnt from Japanese companies. The company also implemented a large-scale programme of organizational restructuring involving decentralization and the establishment of cost centres. However, the payoffs were not as great as expected, even after several years of development.The programme of large-scale change, in the context of an already ailing business had improved performance at a slower than expected rate. Individuals were experiencing stress also. Changes were being implemented and performance was being improved slowly but at a high personal cost (in terms of health) and high organization cost (in terms of disappointing efficiency increases). Senior managers presumed that middle managers were experiencing the worst stress, being caught between upper management and the work force. A stress audit was conducted with middle managers at each site.The hypothesis was confirmed by the stress audit. An analysis of the stress audit results indicated that stress levels were gr eater than expected and that many middle managers had adopted stressed styles of behaviour. The stress audit revealed that many of the middle managers perceived also that several of the changes going on around them were outside their influence or control. Analysis of stress sources and stress coping strategies employed by the middle managers revealed that the organizational development effort itself had the effect of being a source of stress.This in turn made it difficult for people to cope with the change of working practices. The organization decided therefore to implement additional programmes of stress counselling, and to address the issues of roll clarity and participation in change planning. The latter were seen as complimentary inputs to the development process. Efficiency gains and a reduction of stress were realized as a result. [Top] Stress Audit Case Study B This stress audit case study is about Company B, a 20-year-old UK financial services organization.It employs 350 pe ople and offers a wide range of financial services to a varied portfolio of clients, from charities to blue-chip companies. The organization has experienced massive growth over the last five years, based on acquisition rather than internal growth. While this has been well managed and the company does not appear to be a series of fragmented businesses, there are some problems the organization cannot shake off. The company values competitiveness and efficiency. These are encouraged not just in how the organization acts on clients’ behalf, but also in relationships between employees.Although the organization is involved in the money market business, which requires high energy, company B did have a reputation within the industry for demanding heavy commitment from its employees. Recruitment, selection and management practices were all geared accordingly and staff turnover figures were no worse than their best competitors’. However, senior partners within the organization w ere concerned about the apparent stressful experiences of those involved in money dealing. Everyone in the industry knew this to be a stressful occupation.Informal information filtering back to the partners also indicated that company B did have a particular reputation for high stress. Dealer performance was good but success was being achieved at a high personal cost. The nature of the job could not be redesigned, and indeed dealers had an active life of seven or eight years until aged in their mid 30’s when they either left the organization or were promoted to manage the accounts of larger clients and to generate new business. The latter group created a ‘ripple’ effect of stress experienced throughout the organization.A stress audit analysis revealed stress symptoms and sources of stress and gave the partners some insights into how this particular group was coping. Three sources of stress proved to be of importance: the nature of the job itself, relationships wi th people, and career development opportunities. The personalities of individuals selected into the dealing department were found to be stress prone. An analysis of stress coping behaviours revealed no coherent picture. The absence of clear stress coping strategies was seen as important.In this case, a stress management programme was introduced to explore further sources of stress and to enhance stress coping skills and strategies with the longer term goal of ‘prevention rather than cure. ’ Career counselling was introduced also for those approaching the end of their active dealing lives. [Top] Stress Audit Case Study C This stress audit case study is about Company C, an old established UK retail store. It is a household name in its home city and employs around 200 people.Although a large percentage of the sales force are female part-time employees, traditionally people tend to stay with the store, having been attracted by its openly paternalistic approach to management . The store had been taken over by a national chain, itself a household name. As part of a decentralization programme implemented at around the same time as the acquisition, the administrative headquarters for the national Group organization were moved to the same city as company C and now occupy adjoining premises.The Group was concerned about new graduate turnover in the Marketing function. Graduates were not leaving the organization but were instead moving from Marketing to other functions, Human Resources being a popular choice. This turnover was seen by the Group management as a legacy of management consultants’ reports of several years ago which had identified Marketing’s failures as having been a major contributor to the Group’s historical slump in profits. The image stayed within the company and Marketing was regarded as a ‘high stress’ department.The Group used a stress audit to diagnose the nature of stress in Marketing. It also applied th e stress audit analysis to the Human Resources department to see what was so attractive about it and to see what stress profiles were like in this supposedly desirable function. From the analysis of the stress audit, the Group decided to redesign some key areas in the Marketing department. They decided also to embark on small-scale restructuring to enhance communications and relax formal relationships.The Group embarked also on a campaign to change the internal attitudes towards the Marketing function. It accomplished this by setting up interdepartmental task forces to tackle major issues. This idea was prompted in part from the Human Resources Department stress audit which found therein a commitment to team building and communication skills. [Top] Lessons From the Stress Audit Case Studies An important feature of the stress audit case studies above is that the application of a stress audit was itself ‘managed. It is essential to take a planned approach to conducting the stres s audit and its stages rather than to conduct the stress audit in an isolated or haphazard manner. Specific plans will depend on the situation of course. The outcome of a stress audit must be carefully considered beforehand. As the stress audit case studies suggest, the use of a stress audit will create expectations within the workforce and the resulting changed perspectives and heightened expectations should be considered.As part of the overall plan, it is vitally important that someone is seen as owning the stress audit, preferably a senior figure. In other words, someone must be seen to be responsible for the stress audit and seeing the project through. A stress audit can be seen as an integral first step in problem identification. As with all forms of planned intervention, management programs (whether stress-related or not) must be targeted in order to be fully effective. A stress audit can provide that focus, as these stress audit case studies show Leader Ship and Management Essay Thank you for reading this Sample!

Free Essays on Mac OS X 10.2

Usually, Apple Computer doesn’t dragg about their new baby OS X 10.2 but this time they couldn’t wait to break the silence. The company even started distributing the product A month earlier then it was scheduled. The desire to spread the news is perfectly understandable. The new version of Operating System goes under the name of Jaguar and is loaded with lots of cool and useful stuff to offer to the user. The systems retail price ranges from $129-199 depending on the configuration. Unfortunately, Apple does not offer an upgrade price for existing OS X users. The fact that users of an older OS X were left out in a dark has made them upset and even angry. The OS X compatibility with Windows machines has made it very easy to exchange files. Also, Apple improved the search for files in the Finder and made it virtually painless for the user. It is no longer required a start of a separate program. Very important feature of the system is running faster due to elimination of many daily irritans. Jaguar supports wireless networking called Bluetooth that can connect Palm organizers through the D-Link USB Bluetooth adapter, the pricing of the adapter is about $49. Apple has also taken a very important step towards e-mail improvement. â€Å"Mail has the first trainable junk-mail sorter that supposed to learn as you mark messages as junk or not†. But, not everything is so smooth in OS X. Z. Sherlock 3 interacts with Web services, instead of searching for files. That is the only fault in the system. The OS X is looking good and worth checking out.... Free Essays on Mac OS X 10.2 Free Essays on Mac OS X 10.2 Usually, Apple Computer doesn’t dragg about their new baby OS X 10.2 but this time they couldn’t wait to break the silence. The company even started distributing the product A month earlier then it was scheduled. The desire to spread the news is perfectly understandable. The new version of Operating System goes under the name of Jaguar and is loaded with lots of cool and useful stuff to offer to the user. The systems retail price ranges from $129-199 depending on the configuration. Unfortunately, Apple does not offer an upgrade price for existing OS X users. The fact that users of an older OS X were left out in a dark has made them upset and even angry. The OS X compatibility with Windows machines has made it very easy to exchange files. Also, Apple improved the search for files in the Finder and made it virtually painless for the user. It is no longer required a start of a separate program. Very important feature of the system is running faster due to elimination of many daily irritans. Jaguar supports wireless networking called Bluetooth that can connect Palm organizers through the D-Link USB Bluetooth adapter, the pricing of the adapter is about $49. Apple has also taken a very important step towards e-mail improvement. â€Å"Mail has the first trainable junk-mail sorter that supposed to learn as you mark messages as junk or not†. But, not everything is so smooth in OS X. Z. Sherlock 3 interacts with Web services, instead of searching for files. That is the only fault in the system. The OS X is looking good and worth checking out....

Important Read This Before Getting a Belly Button Piercing

Important Read This Before Getting a Belly Button Piercing SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Belly button piercings may appear totally cool and effortless from an outside perspective, but they actually require serious commitment if you want them to look good in the long run. They heal slower than many other types of body piercings, and they require a significant amount of aftercare. This guide will take you through the piercing process and show you how to avoid potential problems as you heal. If you follow this advice, you'll be showing off a piercing that is both stylish and healthy in no time! Feature image: Spookygonk/Flickr, used under CC 2.0 Can You Get a Belly Button Piercing? Some people are disqualified from getting a belly button piercing. Typically, belly button piercings go through the â€Å"lip† of skin above the belly button. Although most people can technically get these types of piercings, it's best to have a good flap of skin above the belly button for the piercer to put the jewelry through if you want it to heal properly. The piercing also needs room below and behind the flap so that the area doesn’t become irritated in the healing process. If you don’t have a solid flap of skin on the top of the belly button, sometimes piercers can go for the lower lip of the belly button instead (though this is a rare option). Here’s an example of what a typical belly button piercing looks like: She did it/used under CC by 2.0 Unfortunately, if you have an outie belly button, you most likely won’t be able to get it pierced. Some people believe that outie belly button piercings are the only "true" belly button piercings because they actually involve piercing the inner part of the navel. However, infections in outie belly button piercings can travel to your internal organs and become extremely dangerous. Most reputable piercers will not take this risk. In case you're unsure of which type of belly button you have going on, here's what an outie looks like: Belly Button-3/used under CC 2.0 The piercer will always examine your belly button carefully before starting the process to see if your anatomical setup will allow for the piercing to heal safely. What Are the Risks Associated With Belly Button Piercings? Even if you believe that your belly button is the ideal candidate for a snazzy new piece of jewelry, you should know that some health risks come hand-in-hand with getting this type of body piercing. These risks include: Allergic reactions to the jewelry Excessive bleeding Jewelry rejection or migration (migration is when the piercing moves internally to a slightly different spot, and rejection is when your body starts to push the jewelry out and you see more and more of the barbell) Bacterial infections Permanent scarring (this can happen if you don’t bother to remove the jewelry after your body has decided to reject it) You can minimize these risks by finding a reputable piercer and caring for your piercing appropriately during the healing process (discussed in the next couple of sections). Does a Belly Button Piercing Hurt a Lot? Good news: most people say that belly button piercings don’t hurt that much. They’re comparable to ear lobe piercings in terms of pain. If you’ve gotten your ear or nose cartilage pierced before, that type of piercing usually hurts more than a belly button piercing. You may experience some soreness and throbbing in the first few days, but it shouldn't interfere with your life significantly. One downside to belly button piercings is that they do take significantly longer than other piercings to heal. While ear piercings typically heal in 6 to 8 weeks, a belly button piercing is usually not fully healed for six months to a year (which is why many people suggest getting your piercing in the winter so you can show off the fully healed final product come beach season). If you've ever gotten this type of piercing on your upper ear, chances are that it hurt a lot more than most belly button piercings. (left ear, used under CC 2.0) How to Get Your Belly Button Pierced Here's a rundown of the steps you need to go through to ensure the best piercing experience. Taking the process seriously and finding a reputable piercer can make all the difference in the speed of your healing and satisfaction with your piercing overall. Step 1: Know the Laws and Regulations If you’re over 18, make sure you bring an official form of photo ID like a driver’s license or passport. If you’re under 18, you must have a parent or guardian present to sign off on your piercing. This article has a list of piercing regulations for all the different US states if you'd like to verify your state's specific policies. Piercing places sometimes take these rules further and say they won’t do certain types of piercings on minors or won’t pierce anyone under the age of 16 even with the consent of a parent or guardian. In addition to checking the laws in your state, research the regulations at the specific place where you plan on getting pierced to see if they have any special stipulations. Step 2: Find a Good Piercing Place The quality of the piercing place makes a huge difference in the likelihood that your piercing will heal properly. Look for places near you that have good Yelp reviews and appropriate credentials (check to see if the piercer is a member of the Association of Professional Piercers). Most piercing places also have websites where you can check out the portfolios of their piercers and read reviews from other customers. Avoid going to sketchy booths in the middle of the mall or really any place that doesn’t look like a doctor’s office when you get into the piercing room. The piercing should be done with sterile equipment in a squeaky clean environment to ensure the lowest risk of infection. Don’t ever let anyone pierce you with a piercing gun! They cause too much trauma to the area and can’t be properly sterilized. One Day We Will All Die, used under CC 2.0 Step 3: Prepare to Get Pierced First off, take a shower beforehand. It’s just polite not to be smelly when a stranger has to touch your belly button. Also, make sure you’re fully hydrated and have eaten at least a little something within the hour so you don’t feel woozy during the process. Above all, do NOT get drunk before you get your belly button pierced. Any piercing place worth its salt will turn away an intoxicated person, both because you don’t have the capacity to make good decisions after drinking and because drinking can cause excessive bleeding at the piercing site. Try to live a healthy, responsible lifestyle at least for the 24 hour period before your piercing. Step 4: Choose Your Jewelry The materials that are least likely to irritate the piercing site include surgical stainless steel, surgical titanium, Tygon plastic, and solid 14K gold. You should try to avoid jewelry made of nickel or sterling silver because these metals are the most likely to cause allergic reactions in people with sensitive skin. If you’ve gotten other piercings in the past, be mindful of how your body has reacted. Also, choose a piece of jewelry that you won’t get tired of seeing. Remember, you won't be able to take it out for another six months to a year. Go with a barbell rather than a ring because there’s less risk of the barbell getting caught on stuff in the healing process. Belly buttons are typically pierced with 12 gauge jewelry, which is around 2 mm in diameter. This is much larger than the jewelry used in a typical ear piercing, which is 1 mm or less in diameter. It’s better to have a thicker piece of jewelry because it will make the piercing sturdier and more resistant to tearing and migration. Triforce de Awesome!, used under CC 2.0 Step 5: Pay Your Piercer Navel piercings can range in cost, but they’re $40-$60 at most piercing places. This includes both the procedure and the cost of the jewelry. If you’re happy with the way things go, it’s considered good form to give your piercer a 10-20% tip on top of the regular price. That's it! You'll have a brand new navel piercing. Now comes the long and hard part - caring for your new piercing. Caring for Your Belly Button Piercing First off, DON’T ever touch or clean the piercing without washing your hands first! If you ignore this rule, you’re asking for an infection. Just leave it alone and let it heal except for when you need to move it around a little bit to clean it. Similarly, you should wear loose clothing that won’t irritate the piercing area in the healing process. Try to sleep on your back and avoid tanning beds at least for the first couple months of healing. The concentrated UV rays can set back your body's natural healing process. It’s also not a good idea to go in public pools or hot tubs because the piercing could get infected from whatever gross types of bacteria may be lurking in the water. If you really feel the need to go in a pool or hot tub while your piercing is still young, you should clean it immediately afterward. You can still do sit-ups and other exercises when your piercing is healing as long as you don’t experience too much discomfort from the movement. Like you, this cat is gonna get his beach body no matter what it takes. (sit-ups, used under CC 2.0) The best way to care for the piercing is to wash it with saline solution two times a day for at least the first month of healing. You can make your own saline solution by mixing a teaspoon of sea salt with five ounces of water, or you can buy the plain saline solution that is sold at pharmacies. Put the saline solution in a little cup. Then, press the rim of the cup against your stomach around the piercing, and lean back to completely submerge the piercing for two minutes. Afterward, take a q-tip, dip it in the solution, and gently rub it around the areas where the piercing goes through your skin. Be sure to use sea salt to make your solution, not table salt! (Salt-(sea)_B130623, used under CC 2.0) You may see your piercing oozing clear fluid that forms a crust around the hole. This is normal early in the healing process. There may also be some swelling, redness, and discoloration, but these issues should dissipate fairly soon after you get the piercing. Don’t clean your piercing more than the recommended two to three times a day. Excessive cleaning can cause skin irritation and dry out the area. If it's been at least a month since the piercing and everything looks good, you can stop doing these daily cleanings. You may clean the piercing sporadically after this point if you continue to see evidence that it isn't fully healed. You should still minimize the activities listed at the beginning of this section until you reach at least the six month mark. Potential Problems (and What to Do About Them) In this section, I'll talk about how to spot signs of trouble with your piercing. It's important to take action on these issues immediately so you can avoid serious health consequences and permanent scarring down the road. It's important to know what's normal and what's not. We'll cover the most important issues below. Allergic Reaction Sometimes, if you get the wrong type of jewelry, you can end up with a nasty allergic reaction around your piercing. Signs of an allergic reaction include: An itchy rash around the piercing area Intermittent tenderness around the piercing If you think you may have an allergic reaction, go back to the piercer, and ask to switch your jewelry out for a different type of material. I list some suggestions for people with sensitive skin in the â€Å"choosing your jewelry† advice in the previous section. Bacterial Infection Infections are very common with belly button piercings because they’re in such a vulnerable area. Signs of infection include: Yellowish-green discharge with a foul odor Prolonged redness around the piercing, especially if it gets worse over time Skin around the piercing is hot to the touch You feel a burning sensation in the area Prolonged swelling around the piercing Abdominal pain (in really serious cases, the infection can become internal) Red lines radiating from the piercing Consistent acute pain (although slight bruising and occasional sharp pain from movement are normal) Here's what an infection can look like: See how the area around the piercing is red and swollen? This will probably also be hot and painful to the touch. It can even look worse than this, with leaking pus around the piercing. (Sorry, I know it's a little gross, but it's important to know what something bad looks like.) If you think you have an infection, first of all, contrary to what you might think, you should leave the jewelry in your belly button. Taking it out could cause further complications, including the formation of abscesses in the area. Use the same cleaning procedure detailed in the previous section, but soak the piercing for ten minutes in the saline solution. You may be able to rub a small bit of antibacterial cream around the piercing to soothe the infection, but use it sparingly. If the infection doesn’t go away within a week or two, go to a doctor to check if you need to take more drastic measures to prevent it from developing further (i.e. taking oral antibiotics). You may need to return to the piercer to get the jewelry taken out if the infection has become too severe. Lean on the side of cautious - it's always better to get something checked out and have nothing wrong, than to try to tough it out and make a problem worse. Migration and Rejection Another issue that is common with belly button piercings is migration and rejection of the jewelry. Signs of migration and rejection include: You can see way more of the barbell than you could when it was initially pierced (because it’s getting pushed out of your body) Noticeable movement of the holes of the piercing marked by a trail of redness Redness and scarring in the area Hole appears larger than it was initially The skin between the holes is translucent and thin If you notice this happening to your piercing, you will have to go to your piercer to get the jewelry removed, let everything heal, and eventually try piercing it again. There’s no way to fix the issue without taking out the piercing and starting over. Migration and rejection don’t mean the piercing is infected, so they aren’t overall health risks, but they come with more aesthetic problems when they’re not addressed. Piercings that the body rejects but that are not removed promptly often cause serious scarring. Rejection happens with a lot of body piercings. You can faintly see the rejection scar from my eyebrow piercing in this picture (I waited too long to take it out because I liked it so much). (Sam Lindsay/All rights reserved.) How Do You Know When You’re Done Healing? As mentioned above, it takes around six months to a year for a belly button piercing to heal to the point where you can take it out and change it. If you reach the six to nine month mark and aren’t experiencing any of the issues detailed in the previous section, you can check the piercing to see if it’s fully healed. Wash your hands, and try sliding it back and forth a bit to make sure it moves freely without pain. If everything feels and looks good, I’d recommend going back to your piercer so they can verify that you’re completely healed. They will be able to take out the piercing and replace the jewelry for you. If you change your piercing on your own, be sure to sanitize both the new jewelry and the piercing site before insertion. Infections are a risk even in piercings that are essentially completely healed, so don’t lose all respect for hygiene after months of vigilance. Summary: Key Tips for Getting a Belly Button Piercing Here's a quick rundown of most important things to remember when getting a belly button piercing. Before you get pierced, you should: Check to make sure your belly button is a good candidate for piercing Understand the risks involved and be willing to take on the responsibility of keeping the piercing clean Be aware of the laws for your state (may entail asking your mom or dad to go with you) Find a reputable piercer When you're at the piercing studio, you will need to: Choose jewelry that is least likely to irritate your skin Verify that everything appears sterile and professional in the piercing room Be prepared to endure a bit of pain (about the same as getting your ear lobe pierced) Pay (and tip) the piercer After you get your belly button pierced, you should: Never touch it without washing your hands first Clean it two to three times a day with saline solution for at least the first month Avoid tight clothing around your midsection, tanning beds, hot tubs, public pools, and sleeping on your stomach until the piercing is at least mostly healed Monitor the piercing site to make sure there are no issues with allergic reactions, infections, or rejection of the jewelry Don't change your jewelry until six to twelve months into the healing process when you can slide the jewelry back and forth without pain or resistance If you have more questions about any specific problems you're experiencing with your piercing, you should talk to your piercer to get an expert's opinion. Otherwise, just continue to enjoy your awesome new belly bling!

Biology with citation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Biology with citation - Essay Example However, when oxygen is present in a very less quantity inside the muscle cells, they temporarily convert pyruvate into a substance called lactate, which allows glucose breakdown for energy. This is also called as anaerobic energy production and as a result lactic acid is accumulated inside the muscle cells. Well, I was gasping because, I needed more oxygen to supply to my body cells for aerobic respiration and my legs were shaking because of a freight hormone, adrenaline – it is released when one feels some kind of fear, for example, examination fear in this case. In addition, the lactic acid accumulation increases the acidity of the muscle cells and disrupts other metabolites, and the muscle strains occur. 2.Deltoid is a three-headed muscle that caps the shoulder. The three heads are anterior, lateral and posterior heads. The anterior head is attached to the humerus, the lateral originates on the collarbone and the posterior head originates on the scapula. The deltoid muscle is a mover and a stabilizer, as it lifts the arm up and it also helps press the end of the upper arm bone into the shoulder socket. Since it has got three heads, the muscle can easily extend and flex the arm. 3. Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a poisonous chemical found mostly within the liver, ovaries, intestines and skin. This chemical is found in Fugu – a puffer fish. The fish is really tasty but it may contain poisonous parts if sold by unlicensed vendors and unskilled preparation of puffer fish. TTX chemical is heat stable and its poisonous nature is not neutralized even after cooking fish. TTX binds to and blocks Sodium channels found on tissues such as nerves and muscles. The blockage of sodium entry through these ion channels makes these tissues non-functional. If a person consumes such toxins, the severity of the symptoms depends on the amount of TTX consumed. Since there is no antitoxin available against TTX, the treatment is largely supportive by

A Theoretical and Conceptual Critique of chapter 5 from Jeffreys. S Essay

A Theoretical and Conceptual Critique of chapter 5 from Jeffreys. S. 1997. The idea of prostitution. Spinifex. Melbourne - Essay Example Other countries consider it a misdemeanour and still others regard it as a crime punishable by death. Despite the laws made to control or regulate the process of prostitution, the idea itself and the associated questions of choice as well as empowerment remain unanswered. It is therefore important to understand the idea to appreciate the social impact of prostitution. Jeffreys (1997) discusses this idea at length and also presents several different viewpoints as well as his own about prostitution being a choice which women are allowed to make in this time and age since they should have control over their own bodies. This choices comes with the understanding that the business they are about to enter may have its own consequences and if the governments of their location recognize the issues surrounding their problems it would be beneficial for all concerned parties. For example, if the government can regulate the process and even gain tax benefits from legalized prostitution there may be a net positive social impact of the practice. Jeffreys compares the choice of prostitution with other choices that women may make in this time and age. For example, he mentions â€Å"reproductive surrogacy and breast implants (Jeffreys, 1997, pg. 130)†, as two choices which women are allowed to make without too many questions being asked which leads us to consider prostitution as an active choice as well. However, the idea of making prostitution a choice comes with a dangerous connotation of not drawing the line anywhere at all. For instance, a person may say that taking cocaine is a choice, using marijuana is a choice even child pornography and paedophilia is a choice. In absolute terms, they may be choices indeed since many people choose not to indulge in those activities even if they have the opportunity to do so but the choice is a conscious choice since they know what impact their actions can have on themselves and society as

Fate, Destiny and Free Will in Robert Frosts The Road Not Taken Essay

The Road Not Taken:   The Paradox of Free Will Robert Frost's poem, "The Road Not Taken", is a profound philosophical approach illustrating the paradox of free will.   In the first line, Frost uses the metaphor "Two roads diverged" (1), to establish not only the dilemma of the traveler in the poem, but life itself.   The decisions we make in life, like the traveler in "The Road Not Taken", are not to be taken lightly.   There is a desire to be adventurous, yet we fear possible regret for 'what might have been'.   Either way, we must live with the choices we make.   "The Road Not Taken" is an ambiguous poem epitomizing the complex nature of individuality. The literal situation of "The Road Not Taken" concerns a traveler who is faced with   a very simple decision.   The traveler comes to a crossroads in "a yellow wood" (1). Two paths lay ahead of him, both "just as fair" (6).   The traveler desires to take both roads, but knows that he "could not take both" (2), and is disturbed by that realization.   He regrets being able experience both paths.   The traveler takes his time contemplating over which direction to pursue.   As he looks for sign to guide him, he notices an undergrowth hiding a bend in one of the paths.   This distraction in his line of vision was one of two differences in the roads that lied ahead.   The second difference is that the other road "wanted wear" (8).   Although the paths otherwise seem very similar, the adventurous traveler proceeds down "the one less traveled" (19). The traveler makes his decision, but is reluctant.   Instead of saying, 'it has the better claim', he says "having perhaps the better claim" (7).   The indecisiveness of the traveler is seen once again... ...cond practical literary device Frost uses is tone.   Tone reflects the writers attitude toward the subject being addressed. The obvious tone of the traveler is contemplation and hesitance. Frost is successful in using tone to communicate the mood not only of the traveler but that of the shaky situation:" I doubted that I should ever come back" (15). In conclusion, "The Road Not Taken" by Robert Frost, could not have developed the concept of individuality and choice any clearer. Frost is a great poet who has an uncanny ability to confound nature and life. "The Road Not Taken" has led me to consider more carefully the decisions I make.   The benefit of free will is the freedom to choose.   The misfortune of choice is the contemplation of regret.   Frost addresses this paradox in order to convey the complex nature of individuality and life itself.

Copying Morality? Essay

Software piracy and illegal file shares is becoming a bigger issue in modern day society, more likely with the youth of society. All computers now come with burn-ware technologies in which the user can take a product and create copies of that software. Originally, this process was created in order to provide methods of backing up a person’s computer files, in case of hardware crashing and system reboots. However, the situation has changed. People are now able to copy any type of media file (DVDs, CDs, operation systems, etc) and give out these products, free of charge. Do you like that CD that your friend bought the other day? Ask him to burn you a copy, then you can have it too. Did your latest version of Microsoft Windows crash on you and you don’t have the recovery discs? No problem. Get a friend to burn you a copy of their recovery discs. And what’s the best thing about these transactions? You don’t have to pay for anything! Broke college students rejoice! In Bernard Gert’s essay, Is it Moral to Make Copies of Software for my Friends? ,the ethics of this trend are discussed. What are the ethical guidelines when it comes to computers? Is it acceptable to copy software? Gert’s conclusion is that it is not morally acceptable to copy software, no matter who the software is for and regardless if it is free of charge. It is an illegal action, as there are laws against such activity, and therefore it is unacceptable to partake in such action. Although still possible to perform while still illegal, this doesn’t mean that it is acceptable. A law cannot be broken just because someone has the means of doing so. Gert first explains the ethics of breaking the law. He states that â€Å"one cannot limit the subject matter of the law to a particular law one dislikes. † He uses the example of smoking by minors to back up this argument. The law is that you must be 18 years old in order to buy cigarettes. However, minors cannot just go out and buy cigarettes and smoke because they dislike the law. It’s still a law; not liking the law isn’t a justifiable reason to try and break it. The only time that it is acceptable to break a law is in the situation in which the law is unjust. If a law is unjust and has a negative effect on society, then it should not be a law in the first place, thus making it acceptable if the law is to be broken because eventually, this will cause the law to be overturned. However, current software copying laws are not unjust, and if they are to be considered unjust, there is no clear and valid reason of why they are unjust. Copying laws are not morally unacceptable, making it unacceptable to break these laws. Gerts compares this issue to speed limits. Speed limits are the accepted law of whatever state they are set in. These speed limits are not hurting society and are morally acceptable within the community. Because of this, it is looked down upon when a driver breaks the speed limit, becoming so unacceptable that legal action can take place. Speed limits are not suggestions, they are laws. These laws are in no violation of morality and therefore they must be followed. Gert also believes that it is not acceptable to break a law in the event that one thinks that some other law would be better. If society allows violation of the current law due to the fact the society is in favor of other laws that are not passed, then it becomes acceptable for everyone to break every law. If everyone has this mentality, then law becomes obsolete. Why even bother having any laws if everyone feels that they can break them because they don’t agree with them? Gert believes that this mentality will lead into anarchy. As for software laws, Gert believes that because these laws are not unjust and are not causing any harm, it is not morally acceptable for anyone to be breaking the law. He claims that he does not know enough about the current laws to admit that there may be other more suitable and better laws that for this issue. However, that does not mean that software copying shouldn’t be illegal or have penalties. Gert states that illegally copying software cannot be described solely based on the â€Å"morally relevant issues, as it brings in one’s biases with regard to software†. People may only see it as doing a favor for a friend when they copy software. How can an act with good intentions possibly be immoral? According to Gert, it doesn’t matter of what the intentions were; motives don’t determine the morality of an action. In conclusion, for these reasons, Gert determines that copying software is not morally acceptable. II. Evaluation According to Gert, it doesn’t matter of what the intentions were; motives don’t determine the morality of an action. Here, I find myself agreeing with Gert. Just because you have good intentions, it doesn’t mean that it’s acceptable to violate the law. Hitler had good intentions, didn’t he? He wanted to cleanse his country and make his country better for the people he deemed valuable. Sure, he killed millions of people, but the good intent was there, right? Wrong. His intentions do not justify anything that he did. A person could justify burning software by saying that he is doing it to help out his friend, but his good intentions mean nothing. He still did something that was against the law, and therefore it is wrong. The second and last thing that I agree with Gert about is that it normally should not be acceptable for a person to break the law. The only time it is permissible is when the law is an unjust one that brings more harm than good to society. In America’s early years, did the settlers not eventually find King George’s rule to be unjust? Did we not find his laws and policies unbearable? Did we not oppose them and fight them? America was born by breaking the law! And this is acceptable! Why? Because it was against injustice. The only time a law can be broken is when it is unjust. We, as Americans, cannot argue with this. However, are piracy laws unjust? Gert certainly doesn’t think so. I’m not sure if I agree with him. A weakness that Gert has is that he admits that he does not know much about the piracy laws. He knows that there are laws making copying illegal, however, he does not explain them because he does not know enough about them to do so. It makes me wonder â€Å"if you don’t know everything about your subject, then why are making such an effort to persaude me to believe your opinion? † He loses credibility and this hurts him. If you are going to argue a viewpoint, I would prefer that the person pleading his case knows a lot about the subject matter. To be honest, I don’t think Gert knows a lot about the situation. He rarely actually talks about the core subject: copying software. Instead, he talks about the morality of breaking the law in general. He just happens to throw software piracy in there to add another example of the morality of breaking the law. This severely hurts his thesis and essay in general. Another weakness in this paper is the ‘slippery slope’ argument that he makes about breaking laws in favor for other laws. He claims that this will lead to anarachy. If people don’t want to obey the law because they think some other law would be better, how will this lead to anarchy? Couldn’t it be possible that it will just lead to the replacement of laws? If there is such replacement, how will it lead to chaotic anarachy? He does not explain why such a process will lead to anarachy; he just states that it will lead to it. Not only is his argument flawed, there is a flaw within the flaw. He can’t even explain his wrong reasoning. But then again, maybe that is the whole point of illogical reasoning: there is no logical reasoning! A final weakness that I found a couple of times in Gert’s essay is that he uses some faulty analogies. He compares software laws to speeding laws and drinking laws, among other breif examples. He uses these examples in his arguments about the morality of breaking the law. If one does not agree with the speed limits, he is not obligated to break them simply because he does not like them. If an 18 year old wants to drink when the legal drinking age is 21, he cannot do so just because he doesn’t agree with the law. Thus, if a person wants to copy a CD for their friend and it is illegal, he cannot do so. I don’t believe that piracy laws fall in the same field as speed limits and underage drinking. I think those problems impact society much more than a burned copy of Blue Oyster Cult’s â€Å"Don’t Fear the Reaper†. These are just different situations and they shouldn’t be compared on the same level. So it is morally acceptable to copy software for my friends? I personally believe so for a couple of reasons. I am guilty of illegally copying music and movies, and I see nothing wrong with anything that I have done. I’m a criminal justice major and I understand the piracy laws. I still see nothing wrong with it. If burning a CD or a DVD is so morally wrong, then why do stores provide the means of doing so? Stores sell burnable discs in which you can copy anything onto them. How can anyone be expected NOT to burn software or a CD? These discs aren’t illegal, but the act of copying is illegal. Yes, I understand that the original purpose of these rewritable CDs and DVDs were to be storage devices for personal work, but the times have changes as the technology has evolved. Do not provide the means of a crime if you do not want the crime to happen. I’m positive that the main reason why people burn software is because of the money involved. Downloading something is free. If I have a free option, then why should I bother buying something? If I only like one song on a CD, why should I have to shell out twenty-five dollars to buy the whole thing? CDs only cost companies ten cents to burn, and an additional two dollars for the packaging. I understand that there are labor fees to be paid as well, but why does the media industry have to charge their consumers, their lifeblood, these ridiculous prices? My laptop crashed recently. Nowadays, laptops are being sold with the software already installed onto the hard drive. This has added a hidden cost to the overall cost of the laptop. Along with this, no discs are provided. You’re paying for software that you have no legal copy for. When your laptop crashes, you no longer have the software. So when my laptop crashed, resulting in me buying a new hard drive, what did the technical support people tell me to do? They told me that I had to buy the operating system separately. It was an annoyance to do so, but it was an option. Do you know how much Windows Vista goes for? Two hundred fifty dollars. Well, there goes that option for this poor college student. My solution to my problem? I found a friend with Vista and I got him to copy the software for me. If the legal copy did not cost so much, I would have purchased it. I think that’s the root problem of this issue. If companies didn’t sell their software at such an absurd price, more people would turn away from illegal means of obtaining said software and actually acquire it legally. I see no problem with downloading software because of this key reason. Illegal copying and downloading of software, music, and movies is just something that isn’t possible to monitor. There are millions of people all over the world doing this. How can officials possible prosecute these people? How can they possibly track them down? Contrary to popular belief, there is no such thing as email tracking and there is no such thing as download tracking. There is no such technology to know exactly what illegal site someone has been on and downloaded something from. If you take my mp3 player, there is no way that you would be able to tell which songs I purchased and which ones I have illegally downloaded. It is the same situation if you took a look on my computer. Which files were obtained illegally? You’ll never know.

Quantum Physics